Hi, I finally found the culprit for my problems it was simply a bad solder joint inside my rs232 adapter that decided to let go, I kept struggling since I rebuilded an other board and tried multiple things thinking I had fried something.
I'm coming back because I think I've found a bug with version 202210-dev from
https://github.com/Tjeerdie/speeduino
I have a spare F407ZG that has no problem running it so it took me a while to understand that my f407VE wasn't fucked. Updating from version 202204 seems to have broken RS232/TTL, when using the detect function it finds firmware version "RQRQRQ", sometimes it's able to connect but isn't stable and will crash after a few seconds